Egypt

• Founding date/ Date of independence: 1922 (independence from Britain)
• Date of constitution/reform: Currently being drafted. The former constitution was approved in 1971 and amended in 1980, 2005 and 2007. At present the highest legal provision is the Constitutional Declaration of March 2011.
• Form of state: Unitary
• Administrative divisions: 27 governorates
• Official language(s): Arabic
• Other spoken languages:  English, Coptic, Greek and French
• Official religion: Sunni Islam
• Minorities:  Copts (Christians), Nubians and Bedouins.
• Dominant actor(s): Army and Intelligence Services
• Elected institutions of government:  government, Parliament (unicameral according to Constitution of 2013) and Presidency.
• Non-elected  institutions of government: Supreme Council of the Armed Forces and provincial governors.
• Party system:  emerging multi-party system. In the 2011 legislative elections four main blocs emerged: Islamist (Muslim Brotherhood), Salafist, Leftist and Liberal-Secular parties.

Current authorities

• Head of state: Abdel Fatah Al Sisi since June 8th of 2014. He won the Presidential elections held in May 2014 with 96,9% of votes.
• Head of government:  Ibrahim Mahleb
• Minister of Foreign Affairs:  Sameh Shoukry
• Minister of Interior:  Magdy Abdel Ghafar
• Head(s) of Legislative Branch: suspended since July 2013
• Composition legislative branch: Link to graph
• Head of the Judiciary:  Adly Mansour, president of the Constitutional Council
• Schematic representation of the political system: Link to graph

LINKS:

• Chief of State: Presidency of Egypt
• Government
• Ministry of Interior
• Ministry of Foreign Affairs:
• Parliament (lower house): People's Assembly
• Constitutional Council  Supreme Constitutional Court
• al-Ahram: Leading Arabic-language Newspaper
• al-Masry al-Youm (Egypt Independent): Leading English-language Newspaper.
• Egypt Today Daily News Egypt English Ahram Online: English-language newspapers.
• Constitution I (text of the Constitutional Declaration, interim Constitution, with SCAF ammendment of 17 June 2012)
• Constitution II (text of the Constitutional Declaration made by the elected President Mohamed Morsi on August 12th, eliminating the SCAF addendum and modifying parts of the original March 2011 Declaration).
• Constitution III (definitive text, as approved in referendum held on December 15th and 22nd 2012). Link to the original Arab version.
• Constitution IV (current Constitution, as approved in referendum held on January 14-15th 2014, drafted on 3rd December 2013). Arab version.
• Electoral Law  (text in Arabic of the law modifying the electoral system, approved in 2015
• Official Gazette (text in Arabic of both al-Jarida al-Rasmiyya and al-Waqai al-Masriyya)
• Civil Society Actors Involved in Elections Affairs: The Egyptian Organization for Human Rights